ABSTRACT
Background: Although semen analysis is routinely used to evaluate male partner in infertile couples, infertility and problems of impaired fecundity have been a concern through ages and is also a significant clinical problem today, which affects 8-12% of couples worldwide. Aim of the study was to study different semen parameters in male factor infertility (MFI) and thus increasing the awareness regarding same.Methods: This is cross sectional study conducted between period of September 2016 to December 2018. Semen of 150 patients were studied and results were analysed as per recent WHO (2010) criteria.Results: The present study included 150 patients whose age ranged from 24 to 51 years. Patients were divided into different age groups and sperm count was studied in each group. Abnormal sperm morphology was studied with respect to sperm head, neck, tail defects and combined defects. Sperm deformity index (SDI) and Teratozoospermic index (TZI) were calculated. Other parameters including semen volume, pH, liquefaction time, sperm vitality and motility were also studied which showed significant variations. Conclusions: Although semen analysis is first and most informative investigation for evaluation of male factor infertility, studying individual semen parameters and sperm function and increasing its awareness in general population especially in developing countries is equally important. Besides, it is necessary to acknowledge its limitation with respect to collection, processing, evaluation and biological variation of samples. Also, a normal semen analysis may not prove successful fertility potential of an individual.
ABSTRACT
Background: Sperm morphology is an important qualitative parameter in semen analysis. Aim: To assess qualitative defects in the semen with normal sperm counts. Setting and Design: This was a prospective and descriptive study done in a tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five semen samples with normal sperm counts were evaluated. Qualitative defects of sperms on Papanicolaou-stained slides were assessed. The defects were noted as follows: head (tapering head, large head, small head, round head, bifid head), middle piece (bent neck, broad middle piece, excess residual cytoplasm), and tail (coiled tail). Results: All cases showed the qualitative defects in spite of the normal counts. The defects found in head – pointed/tapering head (1%–20%), round head (1%–7%), large head (1%–3%) and others (0%–2%); in middle piece – bent neck (1%–8%), excess cytoplasm (1%–3%) or broad middle piece (1%–12%); and in tail – coiled tail (1%–5%). Conclusions: Qualitative defects are often seen even in cases with normal sperm counts.
ABSTRACT
Los gemelos toracópagos, xifópagos o esternópagos, representan el 75 % de los gemelos unidos simétricamente, están conectados por la región esternal o cerca de ella, situados cara a cara y habitualmente tienen órganos separados, excepto el hígado. Se presenta un caso de gemelos toracópagos con edad gestacional de 13,4 semanas, con el objetivo de demostrar el valor del ultrasonido en el diagnóstico precoz de los defectos morfológicos congénitos, describir los hallazgos anátomo patológicos y aspectos relacionados con la etiopatogenia de dichos gemelos.
Thoracopagus, xiphopagus or sternopagus twins represent 75% of symmetrically conjoined twins connected by the sternum or near, located face-to-face and usually they have separate organs except the liver. A case of Thoracopagus twins is reported in this paper. Their gestational age is 13.4 weeks. Our aim is to demonstrating the value of ultrasound in the early diagnosis of congenital morphological defects; to describe the pathological anatomic findings and issues related to the pathogenesis of these twins.